Syntactic annotation – negation

Negation markers have one of the following tags:

• PTKNEG
• AVNEG
• DNEG
• DPNEGS

Sentential negation

Sentential negation has the POS tag PTKNEG and is attached at the IP-level:

(IP-MAT (PP (APPR By)
            (NP (PPER my)
                (PTKN seluen)))
        (VVFIN vermach)
        (NP-SBJ (PPER ic))
        (PTKNEG nicht)        ← sentential negation
)

Phrase-level negation

Phrase-level negation can have a range of POS tags.

• Negative adverbs have the POS tag AVNEG and project an ADVP:

(IP-MAT (KON Vnde)
        (NP-SBJ (PPER hey))
        (PTKNEG ne)            ← sentential negation
        (VMFIN sal)
        (ADVP (AVNEG nummer)   ← negative adverb
              (AVD mer))
        (PP (APPR in)
            (NP (DDARTA den)
                (NA Rayd)))
        (VVINF komen)
)

(IP-MAT-SPE (NP-SBJ (PPER Ick))
            (VAFIN hebbe)
            (NP-OB2 (PPER my))
            (ADVP (AVNEG nye))   ← negative adverb
            ...
)

 

• Negative determiners have the POS tag DNEG* and are contained within an NP:

(IP-MAT (NP-OB1 (DNEGA Nene)       ← negative determiner
                (NA kopenschap))
        (VMFIN sulle)
        (NP-SBJ (PPER ghi))
        (VVINF hantieren)
)

 

• Negative pronouns have the POS tag DPNEGS and are contained within an NP:

(IP-MAT (NP-OB1 (DPNEGS Nemant))   ← negative pronoun
        (PTKNEG en)              ← sentential negation
        (VMFIN sulle)
        (NP-SBJ (PPER ghi))
        (VVINF doetslaen)
)